THE DISCUSSION OF HOMOSEXUALITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS: WHAT'S THE BENEFIT OR COST?

A few thoughts before I step out of this room (which room? Never mind!)

Human rights are natural entitlements that accrue to everyone by virtue of being human. They are:

1. Universal

2. Inherent

3. Inalienable

4. Interdependent/inseparable/interconnected 

5. Enjoyed on the basis of nondiscrimination 

Throughout my over ten years of human rights advocacy and practice, I have known and shared information with stakeholders including beneficiaries of my work that the first thing we must look at is or consider is the aspect of A HUMAN BEING (You and Me) with flesh and blood flowing through our veins.

On the matter of homosexuality, I request that we explore a little more. We seem to understand but the more we talk about it, the more we seem ignorant about it. Entirely.

I cannot out-rightly say it is a human right to be LGBTQI+. No. Human rights are universally recognized standards that are quite obvious and a mention of a right might not necessarily cause a discussion of this nature. People always seem to quickly accept rather than argue. Once an argument ensues, then you know we might need to get back to that 1948 room and rethink.

It is a reality that some people turn out to be LGBTQI+ and feel that way. It is a REALITY in life that one finds themselves attracted to people of the same gender; that that's where their heart, body and soul finds rest and peace. Shall we crucify them for the way they feel?; for who they are? Definitely NOT. 

But...

Let's understand that the known standards of human rights are well spelt out in instruments such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948); International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966); International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR, 1966) which are handed down in our 1995 Constitution of the Republic of Uganda (as amended).

We ought to take absolute care while noting that we usually generalize human rights with fundamental freedoms and my humbly kept view is that these have a thin line of separation. However, that thin line means a lot to the extent that whereas human rights have the five (or more) standards first noted above, fundamental freedoms are not universal, they are not inherent, they are not inalienable. For example, under Article 29 of the Constitution, one has the right to freedom of expression which is universally accepted and recognized but the freedom here is how you express yourself; what you express yourself about and over. That's why we see many views here some of which we "think are okay and some not." But we express ourselves, anyway. It's the judge who knows.

We have the right to marry and found a family under Article 31 (1) but the freedom is who do you marry, where do you marry from? For instance, we can't say "EVERY MAN HAS THE RIGHT TO MARRY JANE." I mean, what if I have appreciated Dianah? My choice and freedom will be Dianah, not Jane. My right is to marry and found a family. Of course the other argument is what if I just want to marry and not found a family? Then we will ask you to ask yourself why you are marrying, which answer you, alone, have. May be that's why a man in the person of James can approach a woman in the person of Jackie for a hand in marriage and Jackie rejects the proposal because she has her preference. James is not her preference for a husband. And we can do nothing about it. We cannot go to court to enforce James' feelings and desire to marry Jackie.

What I am saying is we can enforce rights (albeit with some effort) but it is a quite complex to enforce freedoms because they come with one's desire and choice. They are individualistic. On the other hand, we can and we must enforce rights because they are natural... We are born with them. That's why we exist as human rights defenders, seeking respect for and protection/enforcement of human rights for all. Credit to Hon. Jovah Kamateeka (then MP, Mitooma) who tabled and had the process that led us into having the current Human Rights (Enforcement) Act, 2019. 

Note that freedoms and choices come as we grow up and are informed by the society we live in. Human rights are inherent, got at the time of birth (or even conception).

Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, Transgender, Queer, Intersex and other Gender conformation (+) people are undeniably HUMAN BEINGS. But the questions are: 

1.       What do they want over and above what is already available? 

2.       What is the special recognition they are seeking? 

3.       Is it an endangered or very vulnerable species/category of people?

Let's face it. 

Uganda as a sovereign State has not yet recognized that LGBTQI+ people can freely do everything they want to do or are asking for and some of the reservations are based on moral, religious, cultural and other considerations. And here, we are dealing with norms, beliefs and traditions, practices that are sought to be preserved. 

Laws and regulations are set/formulated by Parliament and Leadership at different levels through consultative processes and that's why probably, the 2014 Anti Homosexuality Act was "brought down" because it had not only issues of technicality but acceptance. 

I am straight. I would love my children, relatives and friends to grow up straight. I pray for that.

But, should anyone come out and say they are LGBTQI+, including those within my circles, I will never deny them on that basis. I will know it is a place and point in their life which has to be accepted and handled as is. I have no authority to judge or condemn. I have to sit face to face with the issue. We must talk about. Someone must help me understand, just as I will seek to help them understand the points of divergence so that we bring them into convergence.

But I will constantly remind them that they cannot over emphasize or seek undue attention because of their placement. They will seek to enforce their rights to life, privacy, information, expression, assembly, association, work and others as human beings but not on the basis of being LGBTQI+. Being LGBTQI+ is a reality, not a right in itself. You may wish to reflect again, here.

Until some day when advocacy will lead us and the experts to consider being LGBTQI+ as a universally recognized right, it shall remain a concept and petition that is gathering signatures, in Uganda especially.

Finally, because I am a Bible reader and believer, St. Paul tells us in 1 Corinthians 6:12 that I am free to do anything I want, but some things are not good for me to do. I am free to do anything, but I will not become a slave of anything.

And then...

God, in Genesis 1:28 "blessed them (Adam and Eve) and said to them, “Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky and over every living creature that moves on the ground.”_ 

We all know how multiplication/procreation happens... Male must meet female. Even if there are other scientific and artificial modes, male must meet female. The rest might be a quest to change what was, what is, and what is yet to be.

The world we live in is faced with very many issues including what you have listed, above.

And that is the very reason we exist as human rights defenders in our different thematic focus areas.

While someone is promoting and striving to protect the right to vote, another is seeking to promote and protect the right to life, to education, to shelter, safe and decent accomodation, to a clean and healthy environment, among others.

So, the discussion here is to question ourselves and find the acceptable answer to "who is this person called or referred to or identifying as:

Lesbian? 

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbian#:~:text=A%20lesbian%20is%20a%20homosexual,homosexuality%20or%20same%2Dsex%20attraction

Also see:

https://queerintheworld.com/what-does-lesbian-mean/

Gay?  

https://au.reachout.com/articles/all-about-being-gay

Bisexual? 

https://www.webmd.com/sex/what-is-bisexual

Transgender? 

https://www.apa.org/topics/lgbtq/transgender

Intersex?

https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/gender-identity/sex-gender-identity/whats-intersex

Once we have read the very much available information on different sites, the next question is: 

Do they have a category of their own?

Remember we have stated it without a doubt that human rights have three categories:

1.       First generation (Civil and Political)

2.       Second generation (Economic, Social, Cultural)

3.       Third generation (Group/Collective/Solidarity)

I personally believe that LGBTQI+ people fall under the third category just as Women, Youth, Persons with Disabilities, Workers, Teachers, to mention but a few).

Compared to the concept of human rights defenders that comes to great light in 1998 with the adoption of the UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders, the concept of gender diversity and homosexuality is as old as creation. 

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_homosexuality

Also see:

https://www.focusonthefamily.com/family-qa/homosexuality-its-origin-and-place-in-creation/

What brings it to table are the different developments that we have had in the most recent times but we have silently kept with it.

https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/08/07/it-now-legal-be-gay-uganda  

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Uganda

https://observer.ug/news/headlines/76852-homosexuality-how-students-get-hooked

So, as we take a break, let's remember that we are dealing with a  real issue that we cannot close our minds to but continue to discover how best to deal with it.

May be we will start with looking at why Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed. Till then.

Robert MUGISA

Human Rights Lawyer & Consultant

Human Rights Defender & Advocate

 

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